مجله مطالعات مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 72 (خرداد و تیر 1401)

The present study was designed and conducted with the aim of investigating the role of professional sports development on the indicators of social development in Iran. The present study is one of the mixed researches which was done qualitatively and quantitatively. The statistical population included elites and experts in the social and sports fields and were familiar with the research topic. Based on the targeted sampling method, 13 people were identified as participants in the qualitative research section. Also, based on the selection of the total number, all of these individuals were examined as a research sample in the quantitative section. The data collection tools in the present study included an interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to analyze the data of the present research, coding was used in the qualitative part and structural equation method was used in a small part. All the process of data analysis of the present research was performed in the software of version 20 and version 2 of the software. In the qualitative stage, 42 characteristics were extracted through interviews, which were classified into 7 general indicators of social development, including justice, social capital, social vitality, social welfare, social development ethics, social security and social health. The research results showed that the development of professional sports on the social capital index (effect= 0.857, sig= 0.001), social welfare (effect= 0.748, sig= 0.001) and social health (effect= 0.718, sig= 0.001) is more effective than other indicators of social development.

The positive reputation of the sport teams is the most important intangible asset that somewhat determines their success. Therefore, the purpose of this study was the The Influence of the dimensions of Sport Team Reputation on Team Identification and The spectators’ Attendance Intention. Present research’s method is descriptive - correlation. The population and sample of the research includes members of the Persepolis team's telegram channel (1337926). 525 people of them were randomly selected. For the measurement of the variables of the research, some questionnaires were used, that their formal and content validity was confirmed by the experts, and their internal consistency was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha, and the structural equation model was used for hypothesis test. The results showed that team performance (0.82), team social responsibility (0.76), Spectator-orientation (0.70), team tradition (0.44), management quality (0.37), and financial stability (0.26) had the most impact on team identity of the audience, and team identity with a 0.80 regression coefficient, had effected the attendance intention. Therefore, sport teams can focus on the dimensions of the reputation of the sport teams by formulating and designing necessary and new strategies and programs, not only to achieve reputation, but also to create team identity, and finally to increase the spectators’ intention of attendance.

The purposeful use of knowledge and skills to make planned changes in sports organizations is inevitable, which is part of process of managing change.The aim of study was to investigate the effect of modernization on process of change management with mediating role of policy making in olympic sports. The correlational research method has been performed with approach of structural equations in terms of practical purpose and in field. The statistical population includes members of strategic council, senior staff managers, middle staff managers of the ministry of sports and youth, presidents of federations and sports delegations of olympic sports. According to Morgan's table, 297 people formed a statistical sample by stratified random method. The modernization and policy-making questionnaires olympic sports of Babaei et al. (2020) and process of change management Naidu (2008) research measurement variables were used. To examine the content validity of questionnaires from perspective of sports management professors and To examine combined reliability, cronbach's alpha, divergent and convergent validity, Sobel and Vaf test and structural equation modeling, SPSS software version 23 and PLS version 2 were used. The results showed that modernization affects policy and process of managing change. Modernization affects process of change management with mediating role of olympic sports policy. Therefore, it is proposed that process of managing change of olympic sports based on development of modernism in organization through development of technology, organizational structure and human resources and policies based on infrastructure, orientation, economic factors and the prevailing sports perspective. Be on the sport of country.

The aim of this study was to provide a framework for analyzing the role of sports diplomacy in promoting international interactions. Research methodology is qualitative with systematic analysis approach. The statistical population included current and former managers of the National Olympic Committee, Sport Federations, Youth and Sport Offices, Professors of Political Science and International Relations, Professors of Sport Management and the Information community. Purposive non-probability sampling and snowball technique were used to select the members of the study (n = 16). Research tools included systematic library study and the exploratory interview structure. The validity of tools using qualitative narrative methods was evaluated at a desirable level (Content validity, Kappa coefficient). Open, axial, and selective coding methods were used to analyze the findings. Presented analytical framework included six main perspectives of causal conditions, axial phenomena, contextual conditions, interventionist conditions, strategies and outcomes. Finally, link between these categories was determined by paradigm model of research and final theory was formed. Therefore, according to the findings of study, it can be said that in today's world, sports diplomacy is one of the important tools that governments use to achieve their goals. Regarding the state of sports diplomacy in our country, although there is a growing trend, there is still the lack of a systematic process. Therefore, the governing bodies of sport in our country need to make a strategy to develop sports diplomacy and improve peaceful relations with other countries at the regional, continental and global level and which will promote international interactions.

Building sports brands is not only related to sports products, teams, and leagues but also has a special place among professional athletes. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the components that play a role in developing the personal brand of professional athletes. This research was exploratory, and its qualitative method was customary content analysis. Twenty-four semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with sports management and marketing professionals, well-known athletes, and sports fans who were selected based on purposive sampling. The collected data were analyzed via open and axial coding. The coding validity was also verified by reviewing and controlling the accuracy of the extracted codes and re-coding the interviews by two collaborating experts. Based on the results of role-playing components in the personal brand development of professional athletes in seven main themes including the role of media, the role of government and federations, communication and interaction, social status, team and sport, individual competencies and Professional competencies, and twenty-five corresponding categories were extracted and explained. Athletes have many components in the construction and development of a personal brand that attention to them can play a significant role in generating income for athletes, sports teams, and fan loyalty. Professional athletes can gain a competitive advantage by improving their individual and professional competencies, paying attention to internal and external interactions that differentiate their brand from competitors.

The aim of this study was to identifying and analyzing the factors affecting the reduction of delays in sports Construction projects, which was conducted qualitatively and phenomenologically. The study population was experts aware of the research in the Ministry of Sports and Youth, Sports Facilities Development and Equipping Company and sports management professors, 13 of whom were selected as a sample using the snowball method. In order to have a deep and comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting the reduction of delays in sports development projects, the semi-structured interview method was used. To ensure the validity of research, measures include; Participatory research, adaptation by members, and to confirm the reliability of the research, the researcher himself recoded, the percentage of agreement within the topic, and the use of qualitative analysis software using Nvivo 10 software. According to the research results and based on the initial and axial coding, 53 factors in 10 groups; financial, engineering, estimation, infrastructure, human, legal, support, supervising, natural and managerial were identified as effective factors in reducing delays in sports development projects. Among these factors, managerial, engineering, supervising and financial factors were more important. Therefore, by view of these important factors, the officials in this field can provide the reducing delays in construction projects and developing sports and its benefits at the community.

The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate a human resources performance evaluation system of the Ministry of Sports and Youth according to axioms based technique. The research method is an exploratory mixed based on the design of a questionnaire using the principle of the axiom design technique. The statistical population of the survey is formed by all human resources of the ministry(including managers, employees and experts) for the year 2017(N=960)where 274 samples were considered(n=274)based on Kerejsay and Morgan table. Data gathering tool is a researcher-made questionnaire which is based on human resource performance evaluation. For analyzing the data in the design field, an axiom-based technique as well as inferential statistics including a structural equation model or multivariate analysis with non-variable variables were used. Also, apparent validity was determined according to ten people and construct validity using factor analysis. On the other hand, reliability of the questionnaires was calculated based on Cronbach's alpha (α= 0/75). The results of this study showed that the three factors of employee selection, human resources performance indicators, staff retention and their underlying factors are appropriate for designing and assessing the human resources performance evaluation system of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. Also, none of the questions of these components were excluded from the research model, therefore, according to the results of the research, the ministry should be able to identify areas of the performance appraisal system and help identify opportunities and limitations.

Smartphones allow users to install many applications and use them as needed. The sports teams quickly adopted the technology of sports apps and prepared it to give fans of their teams. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to use the technology acceptance model in using sports team applications. The statistical population of the study was all physical education students of different levels of Kurdistan University (N=n=320). The standard questionnaire (consumer innovativeness, eas of use, perceived usefulness, perceived enjoenment, perceived trust, intention to use and sport team apps use) was used with a total of 27 questions in a 5-point Likert scale. For evaluating the formal validity (experts' opinions), content validity of the carcass model (0.85) and reliability of Cronbach's alpha, were used. The structural equation model was used to analyze the data. The findings show that the beliefs (easy to use 0.31, perceived usefulness 0.88, perceived enjoenment 0.95, perceived trust 0.89) have direct effect. Also easy to use, perceived usefulness, perceived enjoinment and trust, respectively, 57.21, 0.12 and 0.32, have a direct impact on the decision to use sports team apps. In general, it can be said that invention custom has the most significant effect on the actual use of users of sports team apps. Therefore, it's best for sports app directors to use realistic sports apps.

The purpose of this study is to formulate a model of the effectiveness of the championship sport according to the stakeholders. This study is a mixed Anatomical study conducted in two parts. The first part of the research consists of identifying and prioritizing the beneficiaries of the championship sport with the opinion of the sports experts (13 selected sports experts by purposeful method) which has been done in combination (qualitative and quantitative). The research method used in the second part is qualitative. For the second part of the interview, the statistical population of the study is the primary beneficiaries identified in the previous section, who were selected as snowballs for the interview (18 interviews with 16 persons and continued to theoretical saturation). The reliability of the coding was 74.4% using the process audit method. The results of the first part showed that there were 27 Beneficiaries of the championship sport and then the Beneficiaries were ranked and included in the interest-power matrix. Finally, each of the identified components was included in the Strauss and Corbin paradigm.

Controversial football fringes are nothing but a waste of time and money. The purpose of this study was to test the model of factors affecting organizational controversy in the country's premier football league and to present action strategies. The present study was applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational analysis in terms of method, which was conducted in the field. The statistical population of the study included all managers, coaches and football players working in the men's and women's football premier league of the country was 784 people. The statistical sample was selected randomly based on Morgan and Krejcie table of 260 people. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire of factors affecting controversy in football. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using SPSS 21 and LISREL 8.8. Findings showed that the model of factors affecting the occurrence of organizational controversy in the country's premier football league is appropriate. The research model can be used to control and reduce controversy in the country's football.

The aim of this study was to ranking of factors influencing the improvement of the status of retired volunteers in Iranian sports by designing and implementing a combined approach DEMITEL and network analysis. The present research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population of the study included the elite in the field of research, for which purpose 13 people were identified as the research sample according to the purposeful sampling method. The research collection tools included a researcher-made questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The validity of the questionnaire was examined according to the opinion of experts. The reliability of this questionnaire was also investigated using Alpha-Cronbach's calculation method (α = 0.85). In the quantitative analysis section of the study, DEMITEL method and network analysis was used. The entire process of analyzing research data was performed in Superdeicision software. The results showed that a total of 6 general factors were identified as factors affecting the improvement of the situation of retired volunteers in Iranian sports. These factors included advertising activities, social issues, communication activities, sports image, motivational space, and managerial ability. The results also showed that the factors of social issues, communication activities, sports image, and motivational space are the causal factors that affect other factors. According to the results, it was found that among the mentioned factors, social issues have the greatest effect compared to other factors.

The issue of employment and achieving the desired job is one of the most basic needs of a society and the development of human resource quality is one of the main goals of universities. This study aims to identify the factors affecting the development of employment of physical education graduates with a qualitative method and with an exploratory fundamental nature. The statistical population included 16 experts in the field of employment of sports science graduates from various organizations and centers. Sampling was performed by purposive and quota method. Semi-structured interview and research background were used to collect data in this study. The results of open coding included 57 initial codes obtained from the analysis of interviews and documents, which included 16 categories in the axial coding. Finally, the findings of selective coding included the four concepts of deterrents, facilitators, developers, and consequences. The analysis of the research findings showed that deterrents have a great impact on the employment development of graduate. So People's knowledge of their abilities and understanding of environmental changes and creating a systematic and organized approach to job creation as well as creating a suitable environment for the relationship between industry and academia by those in charge of employment has an important impact on the employment development of graduates.